Hysteroscopy is a gentle but very efficient way to access the uterine cavity.  Several different techniques and equipment are available. Fertility problems can be detected and treated by the hysteroscopic approach both by using minihysteroscopes and standard resectoscopes. Conditions and pathologies causing subfertility are many – uterine anomalies as a septate uterus is obvious for hysteroscopic treatment. Preoperative sonografic assessments are important for optimal decision of technique and equipment. Even hysteroscopic sterilization might have a place in treating hydrosalpinges before IVF.